Besides portraits and biblical scenes, Fede Galizia (1578–1630) produced mysteriously illuminated still lifes. Owing to her innovative rendition of the space, she has been considered a pioneer in this new genre of painting in which women artists would eventually make their mark.

Lavinia Fontana (Bologna, 1552–Rome, 1614) is considered the first truly professional woman painter who achieved success outside a convent or royal court.

Sofonisba Anguissola (Cremona, ca. 1535–Palermo, 1625) is one of the few early modern women painters to have achieved international renown and acclaim during her lifetime.